Military Background:

Muhammadu Buhari served as a Major General in the Nigerian Army, rising through the ranks after joining in 1961. He held key roles, including military governor of the North-Eastern State and Federal Commissioner for Petroleum Resources in the 1970s.

Head of State (1983-1985):

Buhari became Nigeria’s military head of state after leading a coup in December 1983, overthrowing the civilian government. His regime focused on discipline, anti-corruption, and economic stabilization but was criticized for authoritarian measures.

Civilian President (2015-2023):

Elected as Nigeria’s president in 2015 and re-elected in 2019, Buhari was the first opposition candidate to defeat an incumbent in Nigeria’s democratic history, marking a significant political shift.

Anti-Corruption Campaign:

His administration prioritized anti-corruption, strengthening the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC), leading to high-profile convictions and asset recoveries, though critics argued the efforts were selective.
Infrastructure Development: Buhari’s tenure saw investments in infrastructure, including roads, railways (e.g., Lagos-Ibadan rail), and ports. His administration introduced innovative financing like the Presidential Infrastructure Development Fund (PIDF).

Social Investment Programs:

Launched the N-Power program and other initiatives like TraderMoni to support youth employment and small businesses, though these faced criticism for implementation challenges.

Agricultural Reforms:

His government promoted agricultural self-sufficiency through subsidies for farmers and fertilizer programs, aiming to reduce Nigeria’s reliance on food imports.

Security Challenges:

Buhari’s presidency faced significant security issues, including Boko Haram insurgency and banditry. While some Chibok girls kidnapped by Boko Haram were rescued, insecurity remained a persistent challenge.

Health Controversies:

Buhari’s frequent medical trips to London, including a 104-day stay in 2017, sparked public debate about his health and fueled rumors, some claiming he had died and was replaced by a lookalike. He repeatedly debunked these claims.

Legislative Reforms:

He signed key bills into law, including the Petroleum Industry Bill (PIB), Not Too Young to Run Bill, and Disability Bill, empowering states and promoting youth and marginalized groups’ participation in governance.